Phosphate rock phosphate mainly used in the main production (about 75%), followed by a detergent, feed additives, flame retardants and other phosphate products. At present, China's and the world's high-grade and easy-to-select phosphate resources are becoming less and less. Therefore, the development and utilization of low-grade and difficult-to-select phosphate resources have received widespread attention. Phosphate ore is the main raw material for the production of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the phosphate ore industry is the pillar industry of the national economy. The phosphate ore dressing technology is an indispensable technology for the development and utilization of phosphate rock. The advanced phosphate ore dressing technology adopted by enterprises will inevitably bring to the enterprise. Better economic benefits.

Phosphate ore beneficiation technologies are:

l "Direct flotation" technology with S series of agents as inhibitors:

This technology is suitable for the incorporation of very fine-grained silicon-calcium phosphate rock. The method is to grind the phosphate rock once to the monomer dissociation, add the S series inhibitor to inhibit all the gangue minerals, and then add the collector to float the phosphorus mineral. The process has a simple process. The advantage of high impurity separation efficiency.

This technology is the world's leading level. It has been adopted by two large-scale phosphate ore dressing plants in Wangji (1.5 million tons/year) and Dagukou (1.5 million tons/year) in Hubei Province, China. When the P2O5 grade of raw ore is=15-18%, and MgO 4-6%, the technical index of P2O5=30～34%, MgO=1.5～2.O%, and P2O5 recovery rate of 80% or more can be obtained by this process.

2. "Single carbonate flotation" technology:

This technology is suitable for high-carbonate low-silicon phosphate ore, which inhibits phosphorus minerals under weakly acidic media and then floats out carbonate minerals with a selective collector. The process is simple, the carbonate separation efficiency is high, and the normal temperature and low temperature flotation are realized.

The removal rate of carbonate by the process is generally more than 80%, and the MgO of the phosphate concentrate can be reduced to less than 1%. The P2O5 grade of flotation concentrate is related to the content of ore silicate. The lower the silicate in the ore, the higher the grade of concentrate P2O5 can be. Otherwise, the grade of P2O5 of concentrate is not easy to be improved. The recovery rate of concentrate P2O5 is generally 80%. the above. The largest phosphate rock flotation plant in China, which was put into operation in 1995, is the “single carbonate flotation” process developed by Lianyungang Institute.

3. "Positive and negative", "anti-one" and "double-reverse" flotation techniques

This technology is mainly used for silicon-calcium (or calcium-silica) phosphate rock, which is essentially an organic combination of "carbonate flotation" and "silicate flotation" technology, that is, "two-step float" The selection process "excludes carbonate and silicate impurities in the phosphate ore, respectively. According to the nature of the ore processed, it is determined whether to adopt the "positive one", "anti-one" or "double" technology. High- magnesium primary ore like the Haikou Phosphorite Mine in Yunnan adopts “anti-one-positive” flotation; the Guifeifu-through-rock phosphate mine can use “positive-reverse flotation”; the US “high-magnesium-phosphorus mine” uses “double reverse flotation”. The most reasonable. The process characteristics are adaptable to changes in ore properties and can achieve normal temperature flotation.

The use of this technology to select phosphate rock can generally achieve satisfactory results, concentrate P2O5. The grade can reach more than 30%, the MgO content can be reduced to below 1%, and the P2O5 recovery rate is generally above 80%. The use of "double-reverse" flotation technology in the high-magnesium phosphate ore dressing in Florida, USA, has been called by the US as "the best result ever seen in the world."

4, "wipe off the mud" technology:

This technology is mainly used for weathered or muddy ore containing more muddy materials. This technology is widely used in foreign phosphate mines. This technology can be used in phosphate rock mines in Dianchi area of ​​Yunnan and other areas of weathered phosphate rock. Very good economic benefits.

This technology is to wash the phosphate rock, remove the slime, and then sieve and classify to obtain high-quality phosphate concentrate. Purely a kind of physical beneficiation, the process is simple, it can be produced in the open air, and it does not consume chemicals, so it does not pollute the environment.

This technology is widely used in the development of phosphate rock in Dianchi area of ​​Yunnan. The total scale of large, medium and small phosphate mine scrubbing plants that have been put into operation is more than 30 million tons/year (the largest scale of a single plant is 1 million tons/year). Concentrate P2O5. The grades are all above 30%, and the MgO content is below 1%. Its economic benefits are among the best in the phosphorus industry.

5, "roasting digestion" technology:

This technology, like the "single carbonate flotation" technology, is mainly used to select high-carbonate low-silicon phosphate ore, which is a thermochemical beneficiation. The roasting digestion technique must pay attention to the lower the SiO2 content in the phosphate ore, the better, not more than 5%, and the SiO2 is more than 5%. The process is simple but requires high operational technology and high energy consumption. It can be used in energy-rich countries or regions. The Yingping Mine and the Yanyandong Mine of the Guizhou Fufu Phosphate Mine have achieved good results by using the “roasting digestion” process (completed intermediate test). The concentrate grade is more than 36%, and the MgO content is less than 1.5%. The P2O5 recovery rate is over 90%.

6, "heavy media sorting" technology:

It is used for calcium, silicon-calcium (calcium-silica) phosphate rock, which is separated by the difference of specific gravity of different minerals in ore. It is also a physical beneficiation. The technology features fast sorting and no pollution. The advanced "three-stream (TRI-FLO) sorting machine" successfully selected the Baokang phosphate mine and achieved satisfactory results. The original ore grade P2O5=22%, MgO=5%, after sorting by the three-flow heavy medium sorting machine Concentrate grade P2O5=33%, MgO=1.5%, P2O5 recovery rate 80%. In addition, heavy medium sorting is also a promising technology as an ore pretreatment operation.

7. Chemical leaching technology:

This technique is the treatment of very fine-grained carbonate minerals in phosphate rock with sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid leaching technology has been extensively studied and reported at home and abroad. The common defect is that when using sulfuric acid as a leaching agent, the loss rate of phosphorus minerals is as high as 15 to 30%, which is economically difficult to accept. The sulfuric acid leaching technology achieves a high carbonate removal rate while the phosphorus mineral loss rate does not exceed 3%.

Only when the particle size of MgO in the phosphate rock is extremely fine, the flotation can not meet the requirements, and the user needs to reduce the sulfuric acid leaching process.

In recent years, the world's high-grade low-magnesium and easy-to-select phosphate resources are becoming less and less. The phosphate resources in the Florida area, which accounts for 1/4 of the world's total phosphate rock production, are estimated. If the current mining rate is low, the low-magnesium is easy to select. Phosphate resources will only be exhausted after about 10 years, and high-MgO ore must be developed and utilized. In the development of high-magnesium phosphate ore dressing technology, although many countries attach great importance to it and invest a certain amount of research, the results are not satisfactory.

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