China Drying Network News ships sailing in the ocean, the bottom is very easy to attach a variety of foul sea creatures, will bring great harm. In order to prevent fouling of marine organisms, the general approach is to paint marine antifouling paint on the bottom of the ship and to put on a protective coat on the ship. However, traditional antifouling paints contain anti-fouling poisons, which in turn cause certain pollution to the marine environment. "In the face of new problems, marine life has given us inspiration. Many large creatures in the sea are using very 'friendly' methods to prevent pollution." Yong Yongjiang, executive vice president of the Institute of Marine Chemical Industry, told reporters that at present, Based on this principle, the State Key Laboratory of Marine Coatings established by Reliance Institute has taken the lead in making significant progress in the research of bionic antifouling coatings.
It is understood that there are no marine organisms attached to the surfaces of large animals and large shellfish that live in the ocean, and the antifouling abilities of marine organisms are far beyond people’s imagination. For example, the shark skin is not completely smooth, but is composed of many small scales, called shield scale micro-groove structure, which can effectively reduce the frictional resistance with seawater while preventing the fouling of marine organisms. The skin of the dolphins can secrete special mucus, and crabs can secrete a variety of biological enzymes to achieve anti-fouling purposes through various means.
Yong Jiang said that we can create biomimetic antifouling materials by imitating the "features" of these marine organisms. The first is to research and develop polymer materials with specific surface properties to mimic epidermal states of large marine animals. The second is to extract natural antifouling active products from marine organisms and achieve antifouling purposes without polluting the marine environment.
According to the State Key Laboratory of Marine Coatings, the skin of dolphins is very flexible, and the mucus on the surface can form a layer of “isolation protection layer.†This lab has developed a silicone elastomer biomimetic antifouling coating. . Silicone is very similar to the dolphin's epidermis in its elasticity and has a very low surface energy. Objects with low surface energy are not conducive to the attachment of marine organisms. Even if they are barely attached, their adhesion is very low. Shear force can remove them.
According to Yong Jiang, the bionic anti-fouling paint also has a variety of "anti-fouling weapons." The first is to add small molecules of silicone oil to the paint. These silicone oils will slowly release from the coating and remove the foul marine organisms attached to the surface, just like the skin of a dolphin. However, this kind of silicone oil is artificially added and cannot be permanently secreted like marine organisms. Since it is impossible to secrete mucus for a long time, it directly locks the mucus on the surface of the coating. This is the second weapon of the bionic antifouling coating. The surface of the biomimetic antifouling coating is implanted with hydrophilic fibers of suitable density. These fibers have good water absorbency and lock in a thin layer of moisture when stretched over the surface of the coating. Sea creatures that are defiled cannot be attached to the water. This has achieved anti-fouling purposes. Not only that, this biomimetic antifouling coating also has good drag reduction performance, which can effectively reduce the frictional resistance between ships and water, thus saving fuel consumption. Compared with traditional anti-fouling paints, the drag reduction rate can reach about 7%, which is very significant for ships with large fuel consumption. "Biomimetic antifouling paints not only do not pollute the marine environment, but also can save a lot of fuel for shipowners." Yong Jiang said.
At present, the State Key Laboratory of Marine Coatings is actively bringing this new type of biomimetic antifouling coating product to the market. However, this needs to be recognized by users for environmental protection and economy as well as the need for national environmental protection antifouling coatings. Strong support. At the same time, the State is actively responding to the International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships and the UN's Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants put forward by the International Maritime Organization. The Ministry of Environmental Protection has also formulated environmental labels for anti-fouling paints. Technical requirements, this provides a good opportunity for the development of this new biomimetic antifouling coating.
In addition, Min Yongjiang also revealed that many marine organisms can secrete anti-fouling active substances and achieve friendly protection against attachment. Based on this principle, relevant contents of the "973" project supported by the State Key Laboratory of Marine Coatings are being studied. A variety of anti-fouling active substances were isolated and extracted from marine bacteria and fungi, and they were added as active ingredients to paints to achieve the 'bio-biological antibiotic' technology. At present, the antifouling paint produced by using this technology can achieve an antifouling period of six months to one year. However, further research is needed to achieve long-term antifouling effect.
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