Development and development of technical capabilities of CNC machine tools industry in China

China's CNC machine tools have made great progress in terms of product type, technology level, quality and output, and have made major breakthroughs in some key technologies. According to statistics, there are currently 1,500 types of CNC machine tools available in the market in China, covering almost all types of metal cutting machine tools and major forging machinery. The field is wide and can go hand in hand with Japan, Germany and the United States. This marks that the domestic CNC machine tools have entered a period of rapid development.

At present, China is in the mid-industrialization period, that is, from the solution of shortage-oriented opening to the construction of economic power, from poverty alleviation to rich, coal, automobile, steel, real estate, building materials, machinery, electronics, chemical and other industries based on heavy industry. The strong growth of the high-growth industry constitutes a huge demand for the machine tool market, especially CNC machine tools. According to KPMG accounting firm, China has surpassed Germany to become the world's largest machine tool market.

China's CNC machine tool industry has a weak technical development capability and technical foundation, and the application of information technology is not high. The existing sources of information technology in the industry mainly rely on the introduction of foreign technology, and the foreign party has a controlling position in the core technology of many high-tech products. Our dependence on foreign technology is high, and the digestion of imported technology is still in the grasp. Technology and improvement of localization rate, did not rise to form product autonomy

The height of development capabilities and technological innovation capabilities. High-performance practical CNC machine tools with high precision, high speed, high efficiency, composite function, multi-axis linkage, etc. basically rely on imports. Compared with foreign products, the gap in China is mainly the high-speed, high-efficiency and precision of machine tools. For high-speed machining technology, foreign research has been carried out for many years, and systematic research has been carried out on the mechanism of high-speed machining, machine tool structure, machine tool rigidity and precision, and various high-speed milling centers and high-speed machining centers have been developed and produced. Widely used in aircraft aluminum alloy parts and mold processing At present, China's functional parts production development is slow, few varieties, low degree of industrialization, can not meet market requirements, have to rely on imports. Due to the high import price of functional components, the price of CNC machine tools has been rising, and the CNC machine tools produced in China have almost lost their competitive advantage. The market shows that the price of the same level of CNC machine tools, South Korea is almost the same as the price of China, this phenomenon has a lot to do with the large number of functional parts required by our mainframe manufacturers to purchase CNC machine tools from abroad.

Experts, scholars and entrepreneurs in China's machine tool industry have seen great development prospects in the functional component industry. Many companies have also targeted this market. Through the introduction of technology, cooperative production or independent development, a number of professional manufacturers of functional components have been initially formed. However, China's functional component manufacturers are generally small in scale and scattered in layout; some are still attached to the OEM or research institute, and have not yet been introduced to the market.

Therefore, it does not form a leading enterprise. Some varieties have no supply of goods; some features have performance gaps with the products of internationally renowned manufacturers. Enterprises that can produce functional components will not be able to survive for a long time if they do not rationalize the system, do not enlarge the market, and do not raise the current level of products and catch up with the international advanced level as soon as possible. A product from the successful development to a small amount of production, if it does not form a scale as soon as possible, can not afford the cost, can not occupy the market, can not create the development conditions of the brand CNC machine tools mainly include: it is machine, electricity, liquid, gas, light The comprehensive combination of multi-disciplinary high-tech, especially based on modern advanced technologies such as electronics and computers, must have a solid technical foundation and complement each other.

The CNC machine tool is composed of three parts: the main machine, various components (functional components) and CNC system. It also needs advanced automatic tool matching to realize the processing. All the links must be technically and qualitatively ensured to ensure reliable operation. Stable, in order to ensure the accuracy, efficiency and automation of CNC machine work, otherwise, it is difficult to use in production. It is a combination of social needs, technology and personnel quality, and it is impossible. If the quality of personnel is poor and the level of science and technology is not up to standard, it will be difficult to meet social needs. People are the main body of all activities, and they need all kinds of experts, talents and skilled workers who are proficient in business, and cooperate with each other to complete.

In order to meet the needs of market and scientific and technological development, in order to meet the higher requirements of modern manufacturing technology for numerical control technology, the future of numerical control continues to the open, PC-based sixth generation direction, high speed, high precision, and intelligent Oriented development.

1, open

In order to meet the requirements of CNC incoming line, networking, popularized individualization, multi-variety, small batch, flexible and rapid development of CNC, the most important development trend is the openness of the architecture, design and production of open CNC systems, such as the United States. , the European Community and Japan's plans to develop open CNC.

2. PC-based sixth generation direction

Based on the openness, low cost, rich hardware and software resources of PC, more CNC system manufacturers will embark on this path. At least the PC is used as its front-end machine to deal with human-machine interface, programming, networking communication and other issues, and the original system undertakes the task of numerical control. The friendly human-machine interface of the PC will be popularized in all CNC systems. Remote pass

News, remote diagnosis and repair will be more common.

3, high speed, high efficiency

The development of machine tools in the direction of high speed can fully utilize the performance of modern tool materials, which not only can greatly improve the processing efficiency, reduce the processing cost, but also improve the surface processing quality and precision of the parts. Ultra-high-speed machining technology has broad applicability to the manufacturing industry for efficient, high-quality, low-cost production. Since the 1990s, with ultra-high-speed cutting mechanism, super-hard wear-resistant long-life tool materials and abrasive tools, high-power high-speed electric spindles, high acceleration/deceleration linear motor drive feed components and high-performance control systems (including monitoring systems) ) and the protection of key technologies in a series of technical fields such as protective devices, Europe, the United States, and Japan are competing to develop and apply a new generation of high-speed CNC machine tools to accelerate the pace of high-speed development of machine tools. High-speed spindle unit (electric spindle, speed 15000-100000r/min), high-speed and high acceleration/deceleration feed moving parts (fast-moving speed 60~120m/min, cutting feed rate up to 60m/min), high-performance CNC New breakthroughs have been made with servo systems and CNC tool systems, reaching new levels of technology. According to the high efficiency, high-volume production demand and the rapid development of electronic drive technology, the promotion and application of high-speed linear motors have developed a number of high-speed, high-efficiency high-speed response CNC machine tools to meet the needs of the automotive, agricultural machinery and other industries. Also, due to the accelerated cycle of new product replacement, the processing parts of the mold, aviation, military and other industries are not only complicated but also have increased varieties.

4, high precision

Precision is to meet the needs of high-tech development, but also to improve the performance, quality and reliability of ordinary mechanical and electrical products, reduce the workload of assembly and improve assembly efficiency. From precision machining to ultra-precision machining (special high-precision machining), it is the direction of development of various industrial powers in the world. Its precision ranges from micron to sub-micron, and even nano-scale (<10nm), and its application range is increasingly widespread. Ultra-precision machining mainly includes ultra-precision cutting (car, milling), ultra-precision grinding, ultra-precision grinding and polishing, and ultra-precision special processing (three-beam machining and micro-EDM machining, micro-electrolysis machining and various composite machining). With the development of modern science and technology, new requirements for ultra-precision machining technology have been put forward. The emergence of new materials and new parts, the introduction of higher precision requirements, etc. require ultra-precision machining processes, the development of new ultra-precision machining tools, and the improvement of modern ultra-precision machining technology to adapt to the development of modern technology. With the development of high technology and the improvement of the performance and quality requirements of mechanical and electrical products, machine tool users have higher and higher requirements for machine tool processing accuracy. In order to meet the needs of users, the machining accuracy of general-grade CNC machine tools has been improved from ±10μm to ±5μm in the past 10 years, and the machining accuracy of precision machining centers has increased from ±3~5μm to ±1~1.5μm.

5, high reliability

The reliability of the CNC system is higher than the reliability of the controlled device by more than an order of magnitude, but it is not the higher the reliability, the better, it is still moderately reliable, because it is a commodity, subject to the performance price ratio. For an unmanned factory that works two shifts a day, if the continuous operation is required within 16 hours, and the failure-free rate P(t)=99% or more, the MTBF of the CNC machine tool must be greater than 3000 hours. . The MTBF is more than 3000 hours. For the unmanned factory consisting of different numbers of CNC machine tools, the difference is mostly. For a CNC machine, for example, if the ratio of failure rate between the host and the CNC system is 10:1 (number Reliable is an order of magnitude higher than the host). At this time, the MTBF of the numerical control system is greater than 33333.3 hours, and the MTBF of the numerical control device, the main shaft and the drive must be greater than 100,000 hours.

6, intelligent

With the continuous penetration and development of artificial intelligence in the computer field, the degree of intelligence of the numerical control system will continue to increase, and the intelligent content includes all aspects in the numerical control system.

1) Apply adaptive control technology

The numerical control system can detect some important information in the process and automatically adjust the relevant parameters of the system to achieve the purpose of improving the operating state of the system.

(2) Introduce expert system to guide processing

The experience of skilled workers and experts, the general laws and special laws of processing are stored in the system, and the expert system with artificial intelligence is established with the support of the process parameter database.

(3) Introducing the fault diagnosis expert system

(4) Intelligent digital servo drive

The parameters can be automatically adjusted by automatically identifying the load to get the best operation of the drive system.