In 1959 Guo Wenkui like China lead zinc deposit by cause for the endogenous and exogenous two categories. Endogenous deposits are divided into 8 constructions according to the order in which they are formed. Among them, the construction of 1 to 3 is a high-temperature deposit, the construction of 4 to 7 is a medium-temperature deposit, and the construction of 8 is a low-temperature deposit; the exogenous deposit is only one type of construction, namely, regia-lead-lead-lead.
In 1979, Tu Guangchi made a classification of lead-zinc deposits in China: 1 deposits related to intrusive magmatism; 2 deposits related to marine and continental volcanic activities; 3 lead related to sedimentation, sedimentation and post-forming Zinc deposits; 4 lead-zinc deposits associated with regional metamorphism and mixed lithification; 5 lithi-lead deposits.
In 1983, Wang Yumin divided the types of lead-zinc deposits in China into four types, four types and twelve types.
In 1989, Tu Guangqi et al. classified the comprehensive factors of China's lead-zinc deposits in the monograph of China Deposits. This classification scheme is based on the geological conditions of China's geological conditions, comprehensively considering the geological background of lead-zinc deposits, ore-forming environment, ore-bearing rocks. Based on the physico-chemical conditions of the system, material composition and mineralization, eight types, namely granite type, skarn type, porphyry type and marine volcanic rock, are classified by means of ore-bearing rock series and dominant mineralization. Type, continental volcanic rock type, carbonate rock type, mudstone-fine clastic rock type, glutenite type. The advantage of this classification is that the ore-bearing rock series reflects the geological background, metallogenic environment and formation mode in a concentrated way. It is the development of the name of the surrounding rock in the past, and it is also beneficial to prospecting and has characteristics.
The basic characteristics of the above 8 types of lead-zinc deposits are as follows:
Granite-type, skarn-type, porphyry-type lead-zinc deposits are commonly referred to as granitic-related lead-zinc deposits because of their ore-forming materials from granitoids. They may be gas-liquid products of granitoidal crystallization, but they may also be activated by leaching of underground hot water (atmospheric precipitation into the main) in another geological event or crustal movement after diagenesis. Mineral deposits formed by the accumulation of ore-forming materials.
Such deposits can be associated with neutral, medium-acid, acidic or alkaline intrusive rocks. The rock mass can be large or small. In general, if lead-zinc deposits are the cause of underground hot water leaching, they often occur in large rock foundations; if they are magmatic gas-liquid genesis, they are often associated with small rock strains and rock tumors. The deposit is mostly produced in the rock body, or inside or outside the contact zone, or a certain distance from the rock mass. The surrounding rock alteration of the deposit is usually strong.
Such Ore Composition complex, in addition to lead, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, tin and also were associated, bismuth, copper and other elements. From the perspective of ore-bearing rock types, the granites associated with the lead-zinc-tungsten-tin deposits belong to the crust-source granitoids; the granites associated with the lead-zinc-copper deposits belong to the crust-manganese granitoids. Lead-zinc deposits caused by underground hot water are often associated with elements such as gold and silver .
Typical examples of such deposits: granite-type lead-zinc deposits include Guangxi Xinhua lead-zinc-silver deposit, Guangdong Shuangban-peng tungsten-lead-zinc polymetallic deposit, Hunan Dongpo tungsten-tin-lead-zinc polymetallic deposit, etc.; skarn-type lead-zinc The deposit includes Hunan Shuikoushan lead-zinc deposit, Huangshaping lead-zinc deposit and Liaoning Huanren copper-zinc deposit. The porphyry-type lead-zinc deposit includes Jiangxi Lengshui Pit lead-zinc-silver deposit, Yunnan Yao'an lead deposit, and Shandong Xiangyu lead-zinc deposit. .
The volcanic rocks and volcanic sedimentary rocks of the ore-bearing rock series of such deposits in the marine volcanic-type lead-zinc deposit are very developed, especially the lower rocks are often volcanic lava and tuff . The source of ore-forming materials is related to the submarine volcanic rocks. Such deposits abroad called for the massive sulfide lead-zinc deposits or pyrite-type lead-zinc deposits. The mineral composition of the deposit is complex, often associated with copper or with a large amount of gold, silver and rare elements, and the comprehensive utilization value is huge. Lead-zinc deposits produced in marine volcanic rocks in China are generally subject to varying degrees of regional metamorphism, such as the Baiyinchang copper-lead-zinc deposit in Gansu, and some are also subject to mixed lithification, such as the Liaoning Hongtoushan copper-zinc deposit. Typical examples of marine volcanic rock type lead-zinc deposits include the Xiaotieshan deposit in the Baiyinchang and the Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit in Qinghai.
Terrestrial volcanic-type lead-zinc deposits are often distributed at the edge of volcanic fault basins and are controlled by faults. Most ore-bearing rock series are tuff, acid lava and subvolcanic rock. The ore body is vein-like or lenticular and is prolific in altered tuff. The ore material composition is similar to the marine volcanic rock type lead-zinc deposit, but some deposits are symbiotic with lead, and the associated gold and silver content is also high. Some of the deposits are mainly lead and zinc, and the lower part is mainly copper, gold and silver. Great value. Typical representative deposits include lead-zinc deposits such as Yinshan, Zhejiang and Wube.
Carbonate-type lead-zinc deposits are important types in China's lead-zinc deposits. The scale is huge. The proven reserves account for more than 50% of the country's total lead and zinc reserves, and the economic value of development is huge. The deposits are produced in marine carbonate rocks, most of which occur in dolomite or impure dolomite, and some are produced in limestone or impure limestone. They are controlled by certain horizons and are layer-controlled deposits, mostly sediments. Reconstructed, a few are sedimentary metamorphic deposits. The ore composition is relatively simple, mainly lead and zinc, but some are accompanied by copper and pyrite, which generally contain higher cadmium . Typical deposits include Guangdong Fankou, Liaoning Qingchengzi, Yunnan Huize, Guizhou Shanshu, Nanjing Qixiashan and other lead-zinc deposits.
Mudstone-fine clastic rock-type lead-zinc deposits are produced in marine mudstone-fine clastic rock series. The ore-bearing rock series are mudstone, siltstone , fine sandstone, often containing more carbonate rocks, organic matter and Pyrite is also more common. The ore-bearing rock series does not contain or contain a small amount of volcanic material, mainly a tuff interlayer. The mineralization of the deposit is often dominated by sedimentation (especially hot water deposition), mostly sedimentary-slightly modified or sedimentary metamorphic, controlled by a certain horizon, and is a layer-controlled deposit. The ore bodies are mostly layered and layered. In addition to lead and zinc, the ore composition has more pyrite, which is composed of massive sulfides, and some have higher silver content. The surrounding rock alteration of the deposit is generally weak, but there are also some strong ones. These deposits are generally large in scale and are important types of lead-zinc deposits in China, with enormous economic value for development. Typical deposits include the Gansu Xicheng lead-zinc ore field, the Inner Mongolia Dongshengmiao sulphur-zinc (lead, copper) deposit, and the Hebei Gaobanhe lead-zinc deposit.
The gluten-type lead-zinc deposits are produced in the lead-zinc deposits of marine or continental sandstones, feldspar sandstones and conglomerates. The composition of the ore is simple, the grade of lead and zinc is high, the alteration of the surrounding rock is weak, and the ore-forming temperature is low. Although these deposits are not widely distributed in China, they are large and super-large deposits with huge economic value. The typical deposit is the Jinping lead-zinc deposit in Lanping, Yunnan.
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