At present, there is no unified standard for the term "special car" in the world, and the understanding of the term "special car" varies from country to country.
Known as “Special Type of Vehicle†in the United States and United Kingdom’s automobile data, it includes passenger cars, flat trucks, diesel trucks, municipal delivery vehicles, three-wheeled vehicles, large-wheeled trucks, ambulances, and funeral vehicles. There are also known as "Special Type of Vehicle," which mainly refers to fire engines, ambulances, airport vehicles, and bank cars.
In Japan, in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) D0101-1967 (approved in 1973) automobile terminology, special equipment is installed in a car. A car driven by its own power or a dedicated engine is called a special equipment vehicle (special vehicle). Including dump trucks, tank trucks, fire trucks, concrete mixer trucks, garbage trucks, etc.; vehicles with special bodywork on the chassis of ordinary cars are called special-purpose vehicles (special vehicles), which include ambulances, promotional vehicles, postal vehicles, etc. Specially-structured vehicles manufactured specifically for the use of noodles are called special vehicles (special vehicles) such as crawlers, agricultural vehicles, and overweight vehicles. The Ministry of Transport of Japan’s Highway Vehicles Transport Act divides automobiles into three categories: trucks, including long-haul trucks, flat-head trucks, dump trucks, vans, three-wheel trucks, trailers, semi-trailers, etc.; special-purpose vehicles, Including fire engines, police cars, ambulances, medical anti-epidemic vehicles, refrigerated vehicles, refrigerated trucks, promotional vehicles, liquid irrigation vehicles, sprinklers, construction vehicles, postal vehicles, concrete mixers, garbage trucks, etc.; large-scale special vehicles, including bulldozers, Scrapers, loaders, forklifts, bitumen trucks, long cargo carriers, agricultural tractors, etc. In summary, foreign so-called Special Purpose Vehicles or Special Vehicles are vehicles that can be used for transporting goods and/or personnel only after a number of features are different from those of basic vehicles or after special modifications. To complete a specific mission vehicle.
China's terminology for “special vehicles†was formulated in 1989 with the corresponding standards—the terms and definitions of ZBT50004-89 special-purpose vehicles.
The ZBT50004-89 standard defines domestically-manufactured automobiles as: "There are special equipments for installations and special functions for automobile and automobile trains that undertake special transportation tasks or special operations."
The ZBT50004-89 standard also classifies domestically-manufactured special cars into six categories: van cars, tank cars, special dump trucks, overweight lift cars, warehouse gate cars, and special-structure cars. They are defined as:
Van-type car with independent enclosed structure or cab integrated into the cab, equipped with special facilities for the transport of personnel, cargo or special vehicles and trains to undertake specialized operations;
Tank cars - installations are tank-shaped containers, and usually have a working pump for the transport of liquids, gases or powdered substances, as well as special cars and car trains that perform specific tasks;
Dedicated dump trucks - equipped with hydraulic lifting mechanisms driven by their own engines, which can be used to unload the car or tilt the car at a certain angle. The special car can be unloaded by its own weight.
Overweight lifting car - a compartment with a cage type cage and a fence type structure used for special vehicles and trains that transport bulk grain foods, livestock and poultry, etc.;
Special-purpose vehicles - Special vehicles and car trains with various special structures such as truss structure and flat structure.
Each of the above-mentioned special-purpose vehicles consists of many special vehicles with different functions and different structures.
Although the application of China's special-purpose vehicles was earlier, the overall development began in the 1980s and was nearly 30 years later than that of the developed countries. After more than 20 years, China’s special-purpose vehicles have developed rapidly and have become important transportation and operation equipment in economic construction. , and has a good development prospects.
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