First, the type of flotation equipment and its characteristics
There are two types of flotation equipment : flotation machine and flotation column. The flotation machine is divided into mechanical stirring type and pneumatic mechanical stirring type according to different inflation methods. The mechanical agitation flotation machine relies on a mechanical agitator (rotor and stator group) to achieve slurry agitation and aeration. The advantage is that it can self-prime air without an external aeration device. Some models of flotation machines also have the ability to absorb slurry, medium mine. The return is easy to achieve self-flow; the disadvantage is that the amount of inflation is small, and the power consumption and wear are generally high. Inflatable mechanical agitation flotation machine is to stir the slurry by mechanical agitator, and the inflation is provided by another pressure fan. The main advantage is that the aeration amount is large and adjustable, the impeller is small, and the power consumption is low; the disadvantage is that there is no air suction capacity. A separate pressure fan is required. Except for the XCF type, which has the capacity of self-receiving slurry, other types of flotation machines have no self-suction and suction capacity. It is necessary to set the slurry return pump, which is not convenient enough. The main models, characteristics and applicable occasions of flotation machines used in China are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Main models, characteristics and applicable occasions of flotation machine
Flotation machine type | Inflating method | Domestic model | Quite a foreign model | Features and applications | Development unit |
Mechanical agitation Flotation machine | Self-priming air | XJ | MexaHOбp "A" | There is a certain self-priming slurry and air capacity, but the air dispersion is not good, the foam is not stable enough, and it is easy to produce "turning flowers" phenomenon; the inflation amount is not easy to adjust, and it is not suitable for the change of ore properties; the flotation speed is slow, the grain size is coarse, and the density is large. Minerals are easy to precipitate; suitable for easy-floating minerals, small and medium-sized flotation plants and large-scale selection plants | Shenyang Mining Machinery Factory |
JJF | Wemco | JJF- is similar in structure to XJQ flotation machine, and its power consumption is lower than XJ type; the wear is small, the inspiratory capacity is large, and the adjustment range can be 0.1~1.0m3/(m2·min); the lower part of the trough has a fixed route and large circulation. The bubble is fully dispersed, the slurry surface is stable; there is no self-priming slurry capacity, the foam pump needs to be set back to the mine, and the configuration is inconvenient; it is suitable for the rough sweeping operation of large and medium-sized flotation plants. | Beijing Mining Machinery Factory | ||
XJQ | Wemco | It can self-prime slurry and strong air; it has double-sided blades with backward tilting in the tank to realize double circulation of slurry in the tank; it can be used alone or in combination with JJF flotation unit. The SF type is used as the first tank of the operation. The role of suction slurry, JJF type as a DC tank can play its characteristics | Shenyang Mining Machinery Factory | ||
SF | Wemco | ||||
Ring type | Self-priming air and slurry; rotating impeller pulls out the slurry, the center of the lower part of the impeller can achieve secondary suction, which increases the mixing of slurry and slurry; the structure of the equipment is simple; the equipment is small in size and less used. | ||||
Inflatable mechanical stirring flotation machine | Supplemental air | CHF-X | Denyer.DR | These three types of structures are similar, using a conical circulation simple device, which is conducive to the slurry suspension ore particles do not sink, no suction and suction capacity, need to set up a separate fan, adjustable suction, large aeration, impeller wear Small, low power consumption; need to set up a foam pump for returning mine; suitable for requiring a large amount of aeration, the ore is more complex. Large-scale, high-density mineral flotation, large and medium-sized flotation plant coarse sweeping operation can be used | Beijing Mining and Metallurgy General Hospital |
BS-X | Denyer, DR | Beijing Nonferrous Design Research Institute | |||
XJC | Denyer, DR | Shenyang Mining Machinery Factory | |||
KYF | OK | The three types of impellers are small, in the shape of a reverse pusher, with a backward blade. The radiant plate type stator is filled around the impeller through the hollow shaft, and the air disperser is in the middle of the impeller. The section of the trough is "U"-shaped and simple to maintain. Convenient, stable liquid surface, easy to operate; especially suitable for coarse-grained mineral flotation, mostly used for rough selection and sweeping operations of large and medium-sized flotation plants. The XCF type has the ability to absorb the slurry, and can be used as the first tank and the KYF type flotation machine. | Beijing Mining and Metallurgy General Hospital | ||
XCF | OK | Beijing Mining and Metallurgy General Hospital | |||
BS-K | OK | Beijing Nonferrous Design Research Institute |
The flotation column is a mechanically agitated air flotation device with simple structure, easy manufacturing and installation, and small floor space. However, due to the absence of mechanical stirring device, it is difficult to float when flotation of coarse particles and large density minerals, and the sorting effect is poor; the aerator is easy to block, difficult to operate and control; the equipment is highly sturdy, and the accident handling of large flotation columns The facilities are more complicated. At present, domestic flotation is mainly used for flotation of minerals with simple composition, high grade and easy flotation of sulfide ore. [next]
Second, the choice of flotation equipment
Select flotation devices in addition to considering equipment performance, characteristics, it must also make the nature of the ore beneficiation plant scale, nature and other flotation operation to adapt. The selection of this equipment is generally required as follows:
(1) The coarse selection operation of large and medium-sized ore dressing plants should generally use mechanical agitation or pneumatic mechanical agitation flotation machine. For easy ore selection and requires a small amount of aeration, mechanical agitation flotation machine, such as XJQ type, JJF type, SF type or SF-JJF combined flotation machine, should be used; In large time, it is advisable to use a pneumatic mechanical agitation flotation machine, such as CHF-X type, BS-K type, XJC type flotation machine and BS-K type, KYF type, XCF-KYF type combined flotation machine. The latter three types of flotation machines are especially suitable for flotation of particle size, high density minerals.
(2) The selected operation foam layer is thick, and does not require a large amount of inflation. Generally, a flotation machine with a small inflation amount can be selected.
(3) For small concentrating plants, reduce auxiliary equipment, facilitate equipment configuration, and facilitate operation and maintenance. Generally, a mechanical agitation flotation machine with self-priming slurry capacity can be selected.
(4) When determining the flotation machine slot, care should be taken to prevent the slurry from being "short-circuited". The number of slots for each row of coarse sweeping operations is generally not less than 8 slots.
(5) In order to save investment and production costs and reduce the floor space, large-scale flotation equipment should be selected as much as possible, but it must be compatible with the scale of the concentrator or the production capacity of the series.
(6) When using a flotation column, it must be based on experimental research of a certain scale.
Third, the calculation of flotation machine
The number of flotation slots is calculated as follows:
Where n is the number of calculations of the flotation machine, Taiwan;
K 1 —— treatment imbalance coefficient, K 1 =1.0 when ball milling before flotation, K 1 = 1.30 when self-grinding;
q——Design process flow (including return mine), t/h;
R——slurry solid ratio (weight);
Ρ——ore density, t/m 3 ;
q υ , q′ υ —— The amount of aeration of the flotation machine for the test and design, m 3 /(m 2 ·min);
K 2 - flotation time adjustment factor, generally K 2 =0.75~1.0;
V——Design the geometric volume of the flotation machine, m 3 ;
K——The effective volume factor of the flotation machine. Non-ferrous metal ores for K = 0.8 ~ 0.85, iron ore K = 0.65 ~ 0.75, thickness of the foam take a small value,
On the contrary, take a large value.
On the contrary, take a large value.
[next] Fourth, the calculation of the flotation column
Where A - flotation column cross-sectional area, m 2 ;
D——flotation column diameter, m;
H——Float column height, m, generally, rough selection H=7~8m, select or sweep can be reduced to 1~2m, easy to float vulcanization with high grade, should use large diameter, low altitude float Column selection: rough selection H=5~7m, sweep selection H=4~6m, select H=3~4m;
K o ——Flotation column inflation rate, expressed in decimal, coarse selection Ko=0.25~0.35, sweep K o =0.20~0.25, select K o =0.35~0.45,
The thickness of the foam layer takes a large value, and the small value is taken back;
The thickness of the foam layer takes a large value, and the small value is taken back;
K 1 - the imbalance coefficient of the ore, K 1 = 1.0 for ball milling before flotation, K 1 = 1.30 for self-grinding before flotation;
Q——the amount of design work flow, t/h;
RÏ - the same meaning as before.
Fifth, the selection and calculation of the stirring tank
The slurry mixing tank can be divided into two types of structure: press-in type and lift type. The lifting agitation tank not only acts as a stirring but also has a certain pulp lifting effect, and the lifting height can reach 1.2m. If the slurry self-flow height difference is insufficient and the difference is small in the equipment configuration, consider using this equipment.
Where K 1 is the unbalanced coefficient of treatment, K=1.0 for ball milling before flotation; K1=1.30 for self-grinding before flotation;
t - stirring time, min, determined by experiment.
Many other symbol meanings, units are calculated with the flotation machine volume.
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