A new study shows that the pigment on the eggshell is like a "sun cream", avoiding excessive UV damage to developing embryos. The egg shell thickness and pigmentation levels of wild birds depend on the species, but these differences are used to ensure that the embryo develops with the right amount of ultraviolet (UV) light. If the embryo does not get enough sunlight, it will not develop normally. However, if too much UV is obtained, it may damage the tissue of the embryo. This study was published in the Journal of Functional Ecology.
The environment of the nest is also related to the thickness and color of the shell. After analysing 74 breeds of bird species, British researchers concluded that both crickets and crickets would establish their own nests in open areas so that eggs could be exposed to sunlight more. When the nests are built in shadows or caves, these eggs usually have lower pigments, and perfect white shells are also present in caves.
The bird's growth time also affects the eggshell structure. Longer-lived birds in the egg have thicker shells and more pigment to protect the excess UV rays. Other studies have also shown that displaying bird eggs that camouflage dark spots and certain types of pigments may help fight infection and protect embryos from disease.
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