China is a major copper mining underground and open pit mining. From the current amount of ore mined, underground mining accounts for 44.6%, and open-pit mining accounts for 55.4%.
Underground mining, the current mining depth is generally 300 ~ 800m, and individual to reach more than 1000m. The development method, according to the topography of the deposit and the ore body shape, scale and burial depth, etc., usually adopts four methods: shaft development, flat development, joint development and inclined well. Main mine development methods:
The Hujiatun Mine of the Zhongtiaoshan Copper Mine and the Tongmugou Hangkou of the Hujiatun Mine are jointly developed by Pingshuo and Shaft; the 669m elevation of the Zizigou Mine is developed by Pingyi Road, and the Pingluo Shaft is developed below 669m; Pingyi, slippery shaft and auxiliary shaft are jointly developed.
The Fenghuang Mountain of the Tongling Copper Mine is developed by a single mixed shaft; Tongguanshan is developed by using shafts, inclined shafts, blind shafts and peaceful concrete.
The Tonglushan III and V ore bodies of the copper mine in Daye area are developed by the central shaft of the lower plate; the Chima Mountain is jointly developed by the Pingyu-shaft; the Longjiao Mountain is developed by the Pingyu and the blind shaft; the Fengshandong uses the lower shaft and Slope road development.
In the copper mines in central Guizhou, the Dongchuan Yinmin mine is jointly developed by Pingyi-Shaft, and the falling snow mines are developed for Pingshuo, chute and auxiliary shafts, and the Kaipingping mine is flat, slippery and auxiliary inclined wells. Shishan and Fengshan of Yimen Copper Mine jointly developed with Pingyi-Shaft. The upper part of Haojiahe Mine in Luding Copper Mine was developed with Pingyi blind inclined shaft, and the middle part was opened with the inclined shaft of the bucket. The upper oxidation zone of Dayao Copper Mine is jointly developed by Pingshuo, chute and auxiliary blind inclined wells. The lower sulfide ore mine is jointly developed with bucket shaft, chute, Shimen and auxiliary blind inclined well.
The Dongxiang Copper Mine in Jiangxi Province was jointly developed by the main and auxiliary shafts and the inclined shaft; the central shaft of the Wushan Copper Mine was opened.
Liaoning SITU + 250m above the level of the pit with adit develop, + 253m main adit or less, on the plate using flanking mixing shaft development; Chinese centralized copper mine shaft development; Huanren copper zinc ore with a flat open up the shaft hole . Hebei Shouwangfen copper mine, the upper part, that is, the middle section of zero meters (absolute elevation of 500m), is developed by Pingyi slippery well, and the lower part, that is, below the middle section of zero meter, is jointly developed with Pingyi-shaft. [next]
Open pit mining has the advantages of high mining efficiency and low cost compared to underground mining, but the deposit must be open-pit mining conditions. At present, the number of copper deposits suitable for open-pit mining in China is small, but they are large and extra-large deposits. The pioneering methods are mainly road transport development and joint transportation development. The largest open-pit mine is now the southern mountainous area of ​​the copper deposit in the Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi. In the 1970s, the scale of Nissan ore was 10,000 tons. In 1989, it was expanded to a daily capacity of 30,000 tons of ore. The third phase of construction continued to expand. Ability and construction of the Beishan mining area. In 2000, the Fujiawu mining area, another large deposit in Dexing Minefield, will be developed. At that time, Dexing Minefield will become one of the world's super large open-pit copper mines. At present, the Nanshan open-pit mining site adopts automobile transportation and horizontal mining and stripping. In addition, open-pit mining mines include Jiangxi Yongping Copper Mine and Guangdong Shijie Copper Mine. Yongping Mine uses trenching to develop and promote horizontally. The Shijiu mine is transported by car fixed trunk line above -44m.
There are also mineral deposits, first open-pit mining, and then transferred to underground mining. Gansu silver white bow Hill copper plant, two mines Flaming Mountains, that is pioneering this way. In 1959, the two mines began to open-pit mining, using the wiring of the permanent car roads to return to the upper part, and the lower part of the spiral to open up. The open pit has been closed and transferred to the deep mining ore body.
Our non-ferrous metal surface mining technology and equipment and blasting technology has made considerable progress. Nowadays, the equipment of large and medium-sized open-pit mines has turned to large-scale and high-speed development, and has reached the level of equipment in the 1980s. Such as the successful development of KY and YZ roller rigs , SQ and KQG high pressure submersible drilling rigs , has achieved product serialization. The domestic 8~12m 3 electric shovel has filled the blank of heavy-duty shovel equipment. The SH and CH heavy-duty self-unloading mining vehicles perform well, and electric-wheeled vehicles have been mass-produced. New explosives, blasting equipment and blasting technology for mining have developed rapidly. A variety of non-conducting systems suitable for different types of operating conditions in open pit mines are being improved. Many of the products and technologies have reached the world's advanced level and have been exported abroad.
Labor productivity has improved significantly due to advances in mining technology and enhanced technology management. For example, the labor productivity of the open-pit mine of Jiangxi Copper Company increased from 1653 [t/(人•a)] in the early 1980s to 8342t/(人•a) in the 1990s. The Shijiao copper mine in Guangdong was raised from 2746t/(person•a) in the early 1980s to 4467t/(person•a) in the 1990s. Mineral resources have also been effectively utilized, and the mining loss rate and ore depletion rate have also dropped significantly. The mining loss rate fell from 3.84% in 1990 to 2.33% in 1996.
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