The comprehensive utilization of biomass biogas power generation technology Chen Zezhi (Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094) was described in terms of system characteristics, operating conditions, and problems that are prone to occur.
1 Characteristics of biogas resources Biogas is a combustible gas produced by the decomposition and transformation of organic matter by various microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. Its main components are methane and carbon dioxide, in which the methane content is generally 60% 70 and the carbon dioxide content is 30% 40 (volume ratio). Biogas is derived from organic waste and is widely produced in sewage treatment plants, landfills, wineries, food processing plants, farms, and rural biogas digesters. From an environmental point of view, methane in biogas is a powerful greenhouse gas, which causes the greenhouse effect to be 27 times that of carbon dioxide. Therefore, controlling methane and biogas emissions has become an important aspect of protecting the atmosphere; from the energy point of view, biogas It is a fuel with better performance. When the pure gas calorific value is 21.98M/m3 (methane content 60, carbon dioxide content 32), it is a medium calorific value fuel, and biogas is still a renewable energy source for biomass. Therefore, the efficient use of biogas has the dual significance of controlling biogas pollution and developing new energy.
In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy, the amount of urban waste has increased rapidly. In order to control these wastes, China has built nearly 1,000 large and medium-sized biogas projects, forming an annual capacity of several hundred million m3 of biogas, because these gas sources are stable. The gas supply is large (for example, a large-scale sewage treatment plant, a landfill with a daily biogas production of 12,000 m3, and a medium-sized biogas project with a daily gas production of several thousand m3), using a power plant for combustion and power generation. It has become a technical route for convergence in the world.
6 biogas power generation power plants such as internal combustion engines, gas turbines, boilers, etc. It is a structural schematic diagram of power generation by engine (internal combustion engine), gas turbine and boiler (steam turbine). The fuel combustion heat release is utilized by the power generator set and the heat exchanger, and the overall thermal efficiency is higher than that of the unit that does not use waste heat. It can be seen from the figure that the structure using the engine mode is the simplest, and has the advantages of low cost and simple operation.
It is seen from the efficiency map of different types of power generation devices that the internal combustion engine has a high utilization efficiency in a power range of less than 4000 kW. Relative to coal-fired and fuel-fired power generation, biogas power generation is characterized by medium and small power. For this type of power generation equipment, internal combustion engine generator sets are commonly used for power generation in the world, otherwise it is not economically feasible. Therefore, the use of biogas engine generator sets is the most economical and efficient way to use biogas to generate electricity.
Biogas storage cabinet
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