Recovery of vanadium pentoxide
(1) Recovery from vanadium slag: Vanadium slag is a vanadium-containing raw material with high vanadium content, and the recovery technology is relatively mature. At present, the general process is the sodium roasting process. The equipment used is different. Large enterprises generally use rotary kiln, while some enterprises use roaster. The process consists of mixing vanadium slag with sodium salt (usually sodium carbonate or thenardite ), calcining at a certain temperature to convert vanadium into soluble sodium salt, and then leaching the calcined salt to make vanadate into solution. Filtration, filtration of the waste residue, and then through precipitation, exquisite and other processes to obtain vanadium pentoxide. Some foreign companies directly vanadium high vanadium pentoxide titanium magnet ore production, the ore concentrate is first prepared, and then mixed with a flux, into the rotary kiln calcined, calcine leaching with water, the vanadium-containing solution with ammonium Salt treatment, and finally precipitate ammonium metavanadate.
(2) recovering from the stone coal: Stone Coal vanadium process is predominantly sodium roasting process, roasting Na - flooding - Hydrolysis vanadium precipitation - soluble alkali salts vanadium precipitation - Thermal deamination - fine vanadium Process flow. This process is a commonly used process for extracting vanadium from stone coal in China. It is characterized by simple process and full utilization of the thermal energy of stone coal. The disadvantage is that the recovery rate is low, generally below 60%. The United States adopts the above process, but adopts dilute sulfuric acid leaching and solvent extraction technology, and the recovery rate can reach 70%.
(3) Recycling from petroleum waste catalysts: The United States, Japan and other countries have been recovering vanadium from petroleum vanadium-containing spent catalysts since the 1970s. The technology is mature and there are many processing technologies. Many processes have been patented. The internationally accepted technology is sodium roasting: batching→baking→grinding→leaching filtration→vanadium→calcination→vanadium pentoxide product↓solution→extraction and recovery of molybdenum →ammonium molybdate product 渣 slag→further recovery of nickel → gold It is nickel. Although the economic and technical parameters in the recycling process of different countries are different, but basically refer to the above process, the process adopted by enterprises in China to recover vanadium from waste catalysts in the petroleum industry is basically the same.
(4) Recycling from waste catalysts in sulfuric acid industry: The recovery of vanadium pentoxide from waste catalysts in the sulfuric acid industry has already attracted the attention of all countries in the world. The former Soviet Union started earlier here and the technology is relatively mature. There are also many patent reports in Japan and the United States. The recovery of vanadium in the waste vanadium catalyst of China's sulfuric acid industry was carried out earlier. In the 1980s, Nanhua Company, Chengdu Institute of Technology, Beijing Mining Institute, Zhenjiang Smelter, and Pingdingshan 987 Chemical Plant all carried out a large number of experiments. The Pingdingshan 987 chemical plant has been put into production.
The technologies currently used include fire-wet combined process and full wet process, the latter being widely used.
The process is as follows:
Waste catalyst → crushing → hydrochloric acid leaching → filtration → adding sodium hydroxide hydrolysis → vanadium precipitation → refining → calcination → product.
The wet process is simple in process, low in investment, and the total recovery rate is above 90%. The disadvantage is that the amount of waste liquid produced is large and cannot be balanced. At present, China's enterprises that recover vanadium pentoxide from the waste vanadium catalyst of sulfuric acid industry use the above process, and the fire method is not used.
in conclusion:
The process of extracting vanadium from vanadium-containing materials is a combination of fire method, wet method and fire method, and wet method. The most mature technologies are: sodium roasting, leaching, and vanadium precipitation, which are also classics of vanadium extraction technology. The recovery of vanadium pentoxide from the waste vanadium catalyst of the sulfuric acid industry generally employs an acidic direct leaching process. Vanadium pentoxide is a ** oxide, which is more acidic than alkaline, soluble in a strong base to form vanadate, and soluble in a strong acid to form vanadium oxygen ion VO or VO3+. Orange or brick red solid. Odorless, odorless, and toxic. Slightly soluble in water to form a light yellow acidic solution. Vanadium pentoxide can be obtained by thermal decomposition of ammonium metavanadate or vanadium oxychloride with water. 2NH4VO3 V2O5 + 2NH3 + H2O 2VOCl3 + 3HO2 V2O5 + 6HCl vanadium pentoxide vanadium oxide is the most widely used products in the vanadium resource exploration, production and international trade, in general, to vanadium pentoxide as a unit. Vanadium pentoxide is an intermediate product for the production of metal vanadium, vanadium-iron alloys, and other vanadium-based alloys. It is also a raw material for the manufacture of vanadium catalysts. It can also be used as a catalyst for organic synthesis such as benzoic acid and phthalic acid, and also for the production of colored glass. And ceramics.
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