In view of the complex and variable nature of ore, molybdenum and thorium ore in a certain area, the characteristics of ore grade is low, and the size of the inlay is fine, the beneficiation process of the combination of total excellent flotation and re-election is determined. Under the appropriate cost, the The ideal beneficiation process index provides a more reasonable process and process conditions for the comprehensive recovery of the tungsten-molybdenum rhenium.
I. Ore source and ore properties
(1) Source of ore
The proven tungsten-molybdenum-niobium ore bodies in a certain area are distributed in five ore bodies, and their geological reserves (B grade + C grade) are 3.694 million tons. The first mines that can be mined are the No. 1 ore body group. The test samples are taken from one. The proven ore bodies in the middle sections of 165, 129, 92, and 56 of the ore body group are analyzed from the aspects of material composition, mineral characteristics and main component grades. The ore samples have certain representativeness, process test samples and geological grades. Listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Comparison of process test samples and geological grades %
(2) Raw ore properties
The sample belongs to the contact skarn gasification high temperature hydrothermal deposit. The main metallic minerals are molybdenite, scheelite, wolframite, bismuthinite. The gangue minerals are mainly garnet , fluorite , diopside , calcite and quartz .
The molybdenum ore is mainly in the form of leaves and strips, and occasionally is granular, and the inlay size is not uniform, mainly between 0.02 and 0.4 mm, the coarse ones can reach several millimeters, and the fine ones are 0.02 mm or less.
The stibnite is mainly columnar and fine-grained. It is often distributed at the edge of the molybdenite or is surrounded by molybdenum ore. It is also distributed in small granular form on gangue, diopside, tremolite , fluorite and other gangue bases. in.
The scheelite is mainly distributed in the skarn minerals of skarn, and the grain size of the inlay is uneven. It seems to have a tendency of polarization. The thicker is more than 0.04 mm, the individual can reach more than 1 mm, and the fine particles are 0.02 mm. Even below 0.05 mm. 5毫米以下。 The black mineral content is less, mainly in the form of fine-grained, plate-like, more than 0. 05mm below.
The results of multi-element analysis of tungsten-molybdenum-niobium ore are shown in Table 2. The mineral composition of tungsten-molybdenum-niobium ore is listed in Table 3.
Table 2 Multi-element analysis results of tungsten-molybdenum-niobium ore
Table 3 Mineral composition of tungsten-molybdenum-niobium ore
Second, process test and results
(1) Process exploration test and results
The sample is similar to the ore of the Shizhuyuan mine in Zhangzhou, Hunan Province. In the exploratory test, the process test and production practice of the Shizhuyuan Mine were compared, and the mixed flotation and separation of the molybdenum and the preferential flotation scheme were compared. Listed in Table 4 and Table 5.
Table 4 Mixed flotation open circuit test results table
Table 5 Table of results of priority flotation open circuit test %
Theoretically, for ore flotation containing a small amount of metal minerals, a separation process after mixed flotation should be used. From the open-circuit test results of the two processes, the molybdenum-bismuth mixed separation process obtained qualified molybdenum concentrate and higher-grade upsetting concentrate, while the molybdenum-bismuth preferential flotation process failed to obtain qualified molybdenum concentrate. Mineral products, it is easy to see that the separation process of molybdenum and rhodium is more suitable for this low-grade tungsten-molybdenum ore.
The exploration experiment of tungsten mainly carried out research on two process schemes of re-election and flotation. The test results are listed in Tables 6 and 7.
Table 6 Tungsten Re-election Open-circuit Test Results Table %
Table 7 Tungsten Flotation Open Circuit Test Results Table %
It can be seen from the test results that the recovery of white tungsten by the re-election scheme is not satisfactory due to the existence of a large amount of calcium-containing minerals, and the qualified tungsten concentrate products are not obtained. The effect of using the flotation scheme is obviously better than that of the re-election scheme, and a qualified tungsten concentrate product is obtained.
(2) Process test and results
In view of the high sulfur content of the ore in the exploration test, some of the fluorine with good flotation activity entered the molybdenum concentrate and affected the quality of the molybdenum concentrate. In the molybdenum rhodium process test, the molybdenum and rhodium separation scheme was explored, and the experiment was mainly carried out. Comparison of two schemes: (I) Bi-S separation after Mo-BiS separation; (II) Mo-Bi separation after MoBi-S separation. The test results are shown in Tables 8 and 9.
Table 8 Molybdenum and rhodium separation scheme (I) Closed circuit test results %
Table 9 Molybdenum and rhodium separation scheme (II) Closed circuit test results %
Tungsten process test: The rough selection of (I) desulfurization tailings direct recovery tungsten process plan and (II) desulfurization tailings magnetic recovery after tungsten recovery process comparison, the test results are listed in Table 10, Table 11. Due to the presence of a large amount of calcium-containing minerals, qualified tungsten concentrates cannot be obtained at room temperature, and qualified tungsten concentrate products can only be obtained through the "Petrov" method. In the test for phosphorus tungsten concentrates containing excessive tungsten low flotation recovery characteristics, the use of acid leaching of the flotation concentrate phosphorus, heating shaker tailings selection reselection process. The test results are shown in Table 12.
Table 10 Tungsten rough selection scheme (I) Closed circuit test results %
Table 11 Tungsten rough selection scheme (II) Closed circuit test results %
Table 12 Tungsten heating select closed circuit test results %
From the test results, the separation of molybdenum and rhodium is based on the scheme (II), that is, Mo-Bi separation after separation of MoBi-S, and obtaining high-grade crude ore products while obtaining qualified molybdenum concentrate, the recovery rate of the two products. It is also higher than the scheme (I), so the scheme (II) should be adopted for the separation of molybdenum and rhenium. Tungsten flotation from the rough selection scheme (I) is lower than the scheme (II) tungsten coarse concentrate grade by 3.58%, but the recovery rate is 17.98%. Considering the scheme (I) is the direct recovery of tungsten from the desulfurization tailings. . Tungsten is selected by heating flotation, flotation of concentrate and acid leaching and phosphorus, flotation tailings shaker re-election, obtaining better beneficiation test indicators, acid leaching concentrate grade 69.10%, shaker concentrate grade 66.08% , all become qualified concentrate products, the operation recovery rate reached 88.54%.
(3) Full-process closed-circuit test and results
Through the preliminary test results, the molybdenum bismuth was selected by molybdenum sulphur and sulphur, followed by molybdenum bismuth-sulfur separation and molybdenum-ruthenium separation process; tungsten was selected by molybdenum strontium mixed tailings desulfurization and tungsten was coarsely selected, and coarse concentrate was re-elected. Heating selection, flotation concentrate desulfurization, selective tailings shaker re-election process, obtained an ideal beneficiation test index. The test procedure is shown in Figure 1, and the test results are listed in Table 13.
Figure 1 principle flow chart
Table 13 Closed-circuit test results of the whole process %
Third, the conclusion
(1) The whole flotation process is adopted for the recovery of molybdenum and strontium. After the mixed coarse and coarse concentrates are obtained by molybdenum and rhenium mixing, the molybdenum bismuth-sulfur separation and the molybdenum-bismuth separation are carried out to obtain the molybdenum concentrate grade of 45.02%, and the recovery rate is 81.03%. The grade of bismuth concentrate is 45.02%, and the recovery rate is 71.55%.
(2) Tungsten recovery adopts flotation and re-election combined beneficiation process, supplemented by high-efficiency and selective gangue inhibitors. After obtaining tungsten coarse ore, it is selected by high-concentration heating and stirring, and then floated to obtain tungsten The mineral grade is 65.40%, and the recovery rate is 53.83% of the comprehensive mineral processing index.
(3) The cost of ore dressing is 56.56 yuan / t (original ore).
(IV) The success of the comprehensive recovery and dressing test of tungsten-molybdenum-bismuth in a certain place will help promote the development of low-grade tungsten-molybdenum-niobium ore beneficiation process.
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